Pari Talks

   Radical PKGhatak, MD No.18. One can find the word 'radical' in mathematics, chemistry, political science, other branches of science, and common English. It denotes an extremist, revolutionary, or an entity outside the normal boundary. In biology, radicals are highly reactive forms of oxygen and nitric oxide, and their derivative molecules, which are generated inside the body from metabolic activities. An average adult person uses 380 liters of oxygen in a day and generates 10 to 20 thousand molecules of radicals. The body is well equipped with anti-radical agents to neutralize radicals. Anti-radicals prevent substances from reacting with oxygen;  they are also called antioxidants. When the balance shifts towards radicals, harmful effects take place. The science is solid up to this point. The list of the deleterious effects of radicals on the body is growing from the beginning. Now, Alzheimer's disease to heart attacks, cancers, aging, and wrinkles on the skin a...

The primary objective of this Pari talks blogspot.com is to draw out a smile from serious-minded science lovers, and no foul language is used. L'objectif principal de ce blog Pari Talks blodpsot.com est de tirer un sourire des amateus de science serie'ux, acun langage grossier n'est utilise'.   Dream PKGhatak, MD No.17. An ever-present dictionary is following you like a shadow, or your Gene of the Aladdin and the Magic Lamp fame. Today, her name is Artificial Intelligence, simply AI. Ask AI about the dream. The following answers she gave me to my questions:  Simply stated, dreams are '' a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep,” Oxford dictionary. Like humans, rats, spiders also dream during sleep, not to speak of cats and dogs. When challenged to prove this, she cites depressed activity of the prefrontal cortex, documented by instrumentation. Well, is not non-excitatory stage indicative of activities of t...

  The primary objective of this Pari talks blogspot.com is to draw out a smile from serious minded science lovers, and no foul language is used. L'objectif principal de ce blog Pari Talks blodpsot.com est de tirer un sourire des amateus de science serie'ux, acun langage grossier n'est utilise'. Half-Life. PKGhatak, MD No.16. A video gamer will recognize the word 'Half-Life' instantly. The video game he is playing has an accompanying soundtrack provided by the famous Kelly Bailey, who established the Half-Life line of music.  Here, we are going to a different tract. Ernest Rutherford, while studying radioactive materials, discovered that the radioactivity of radium decays over a given time. He called the time taken for the decay of half of the material the Half-Life. Later, this concept was adopted by the Pharmaceutical industry. Suppose your doctor hands you a prescription for your cold and fever, which lasted for 5 days. You look at it before handing i...

  The primary objective of this Pari talks blogspot.com is to draw out a smile from serious minded science lovers, and no foul language is used. L'objectif principal de ce blog Pari Talks blodpsot.com est de tirer un sourire des amateus de science serie'ux, acun langage grossier n'est utilise'. Fungi PKGhatak, MD No.15 Fungi are neither plants nor animals; they are of their own species. Fungi appeared on this Earth about 1.5 billion years ago and plants appeared 700 million years ago. Fungi are mostly multicellular, but yeasts are unicellular fungi. The key chemical signature of fungi is the presence of Chitin and Glucans. Chitin and glucans are complex carbohydrate molecules, present in the fungal walls and provide structural integrity to the skeleton of fungi. We tend not to notice the fungi around us. When a mold forms on a piece of bread, or when we develop athlete foot, we admit fungi are all around us. In the US, Valley Fever is an example of a syst...

The primary objective of this Pari talks blogspot.com is to draw out a smile from serious minded science lovers, and no foul language is used. L'objectif principal de ce blog Pari Talks blodpsot.com est de tirer un sourire des amateus de science serie'ux, acun langage grossier n'est utilise'.   Sugar PKGhatak,MD No.14. Sugar is sweet. Sweetness is a basic taste. We use several different sugars, such as glucose, Lactose, and table sugar, but the intensity of sweetness among sugars varies. Many chemicals also have a sweet taste, for example, Aldehydes, ketones, and sugar alcohols. Some chemicals are sweet even at low concentrations, such as Aspartame, Saccharin, Stevia, and Sucralose. It is reported that motile bacteria move in the direction of sweets and newborn babies prefer sweeter sugars than lactose, a milk sugar, present in the breast milk. The sweet tooth is not just an expression; it has an ancient heritage. In the earlier days, honey was only a sweet treat...

  The primary objective of this Pari talks blogspot.com is to draw out a smile from serious minded science lovers, and no foul language is used. L'objectif principal de ce blog Pari Talks blodpsot.com est de tirer un sourire des amateus de science serie'ux, acun langage grossier n'est utilise'.  Water PKGhatak, MD No.13. The water covers 70 % of the surface of the earth, and 70% of our body weight is water. Someone said we carry sea in our blood, meaning sodium chloride, which is present in the seawater; the same salt is also present in our blood. The concentration of salt in seawater, however, is different. The salt present in the seawater is several times higher, 3.5 % to our 0.4 %. The Blood is a transport medium; to function normally, the osmolarity of the blood is strictly regulated within a narrow range. Solutes move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, and to move in the opposite direction, a separate mechanism is present, where energy has to b...

  The primary objective of this Pari talks blogspot.com is to draw out a smile from serious minded science lovers, and no foul language is used. L'objectif principal de ce blog Pari Talks blodpsot.com est de tirer un sourire des amateus de science serie'ux, acun langage grossier n'est utilise'.  Pandemics and Vaccines. PKGhatak, MD No.12. The world has witnessed many pandemics in the past, and recently, we are just about to witness the resurgence of COVID-19, which raged from 2020 to 2024 and took 7 million people worldwide and sickened nearly one billion according to the WHO. The unofficial number of deaths is three times that of the official numbers. Plague,  Smallpox, Cholera, and Influenza pandemics visited this earth over and over in the past. The records of these infections were not kept in the official documents, but were mentioned in the contemporary papers and books. The first Plague pandemic of 430 - 427 BCE, known as the Athenian Plague, took two-thirds of th...