INFRARED

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 Infrared



P.K.Ghatak, MD

No. 72.


Infrared is positioned just outside of the visual range of the humans on the Electromagnetic Spectrum. The wavelength of Infrared is between 700 nanometer to one miter. 57% heat from the sun reaches the Earth by the infrared bands (IR). Without the IR, modern warfare will grind to a halt – thermal signature of projectiles, missiles, machinery and people are precisely located and targeted to shoot them down.

From the time men began lightening fire, humans understood heat carried energy from the fire to them in radiation in addition to conduction and convection. Infrared was known long before Ultraviolet was discovered. William Harshel in 1800, discovered Infrared while studying sunlight with a prism.

The sun is the primary source of IR for us, in addition other celestial bodies also contribute some.

People are generating IR without realizing - every time they switch on a burner, stove or light a candle one generates IR.


Usefulness of infrared:

Remote controllers:

TV remote control uses IR, and all other remote controllers of electronic gadgets work live TV control.

Cooking gadgets and heaters:

Oven, cooking pots, toasters, heaters and others generate IR.

Infrared Cameras.  

When smoke and fire breaks out and nothing is clearly visible, an IR camera can detect where fire is burning and whether a person is trapped inside.

If a leak in the insulation of an instrument or a living place is losing heat that is investigated by the use of an IR camera.

Medical use:

When application of heat speeds up healing or recovery, many IR gadgets are available for use. Athletes, sportspeople and their trainers depend on these portable heat sources. Similarly, hot water bath, IR saunas generally relieve muscle pain and joint inflammation.

Environmental monitors:

Remote sensing of air, water and temperature and various out environmental pollutants are monitored by employing remote sensors, specially satellite positioned sensors continuously.

Astrophysics:

Infrared space based telescopes have revolutionized astrophysics. Every day, something unknown a day before, is revealed by the James Webb space telescope.

IR is not distorted by dust particles like visible light and it is a choice for observing stars and galaxies where such interference is likely.

Early galaxies:

The Universe has been expanding rapidly since the Big Bang. The redshift is detected when bodies move away from the observer. Naturally from redshift to IR are often experienced when observing early galaxies.

Exoplanets and Protostars. These bodies emit radiation in IR.

Identifying unknown gas.

Infrared spectroscopy can identify complex organic molecules and provide insight into planet formation.


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