Chikungunya

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Chikungunya

P.K.Ghatak,MD

No. 57

An ethnic group known as Mokode who live along the banks of Ruvuma River in Uganda and Mozambique call Chikungunya in their language, a bend over posture from bone pain.

A viral infection acquired from mosquito bites produces fever, skin rashes and painful arthritis. The patients assume bend over posture to minimize pain and resist movements of joints.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has jumped from the wild animals to humans like so many other viruses have. The virus infects humans from bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. That makes CHIVK in the arthropod virus group and because it produces arthritis, it also belongs to the Semliki forest antigenic Alphaviridae group.

CHIKV is a small spherical 70nm in diameter virus and has an envelope made of a double lipid layer, the materials for the envelope are stolen from the host and the virus makes infected cells reproduce viral particles, like all other viruses.

The first endemic of Chikungunya infection began in Uganda in 1952. The virus mutated 3 times in the Ruvuma river valley. In 1963 CHIKV appeared in Kolkata, India and began to spread in the adjoining areas of the eastern parts of India. In 2013 a new strain of CHIVK appeared in Assam, India and the same strain of the virus was detected in the USA and in South American countries. In between then and now more new mutated forms of CHIV have emerged. The population of the world is at risk of CHIVK infection wherever Aedes mosquitoes are present.

 The newborns are immune for 6 months after birth, if mothers were infected earlier the presence of maternal antibodies crossed over to the developing child and prevent infection. Once infected a healthy individual acquires immunity that protects him/her for life but only to that specific strain of CHIVK and remains vulnerable to infection to a new strain of CHIVK.

In 2023 a new vaccine, Ixchia, became available in the USA for individuals intended to travel to endemic countries.



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